While studying for path for Step 1, I had noticed that many of the lectures were somewhat difficult to jump to and read along with (i.e. wanting to cover leukemias) since the lectures did not start and stop with a specific topic. As I went along with the lectures, I wrote down the times that each lecture started on so hopefully they are helpful to others who want to use the audio

Chapter in RR - Audio start time (i.e. 4-3 --> day 4, lecture 3 --- time is approximate give or take 5 seconds)

Chapter 1 (Cell Injury) - 1-1 (~7:00)

Chapter 2 (Inflammation and Repair) - 1-4 (~6:37)

Chapter 3 (immunopathology) - (not really covered except during endocrine)

Chapter 4 (water, electrolyte, acid-base) - 1-5 (~31:10)

Chapter 5 (genetic and developmental disorders) - not covered

Chapter 6 (environmental pathology) - not covered (except spiders but somewhat pointless to time jump to since it isn't all that high-yield)

Chapter 7 (Nutritional disorders) - 2-1 (~2:50)

Chapter 8 (Neoplasia) - 2-2 (~31:21)

This part goes out of sequence since lectures go to heme first and then heart

Chapter 9-10 (vascular and heart disorders) - 3-3 (~37:15)

Jumping back

Chapter 11 (RBC disorders) - 2-4 (~31:38)

Chapter 12 (WBC disorders) - 2-7 (~44:10)

Chapter 13 (lymphoid disorders) - 2-8 (~42:34)

Chapter 14 (hemostasis disorders) - 3-1 (~17:04)

Chapter 15 (Blood banking and transfusion) - 3-2 (~42:13)

Chapter 16 (Upper and Lower respiratory) - 3-8 (0:00)

Chapter 17 (Gastrointestinal disorders) - 4-2 (~13:00)

Chapter 18 (Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic) - 4-4 (~29:30)

Chapter 19 (kidney disorders) - 4-6 (~24:40)

Chapter 20 (lower urinary tract) - 4-8 (~39:21)

Chapter 20 (male reproductive tract) - 4-8 (~44:50)

Chapter 21 (female reproductive and breast) - 5-1 (0:00)

Chapter 22 (endocrine) - 5-2 (0:00)

Chapter 23 (musculoskeletal) - 5-4 (~10:39)

Chapter 24 (skin disorders) - 5-5 (~14:56)

Chapter 25 (nervous system) - 5-5 (~34:04)

10 Heart Disorders

Ventricular Hypertrophy

Pathogenesis of left and right ventricular hypertrophy

   1. Sustained pressure increases wall stress.

         1. Causes duplication of sarcomeres

               1. Duplication in parallel thickens muscle.

               2. Duplication in series lengthens muscle.

         2. Sarcomeres are the contractile element of muscle.

   2. Contraction against an increased resistance (afterload)

         1. Produces concentric thickening of the ventricular wall

                * New sarcomeres duplicate in parallel to the long axes of the cells.

         2. Causes of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, see Fig. 1-4)

               1. Essential hypertension (most common)

               2. Aortic stenosis

         3. Causes of concentric right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)

               1. Pulmonary hypertension

               2. Pulmonary artery stenosis

   3. Volume overload (increased preload)

         1. Causes dilation and hypertrophy (eccentric hypertrophy) of ventricular wall

               1. Frank-Starling mechanism causes increased force of contraction.

               2. Sarcomeres duplicate in series and cell length and width are increased.

         2. Causes of eccentric hypertrophy of left ventricle

               1. Mitral valve or aortic valve regurgitation

               2. Left-to-right shunting of blood (e.g., ventricular septal defect)

                      * Causes more blood to return to the left side of the heart

         3. Causes of eccentric hypertrophy of right ventricle

                * Tricuspid valve or pulmonary valve regurgitation